KASAM GHIMIRE

  TRANSPARENCY 1.       Right to Information (RTI)    Nepal's RTI Act was enacted in 2007 and allows citizens to request and receive information from government agencies. The Act promotes transparency and accountability in government operations and helps to reduce corruption. RTI ACT 2.       Digital India program : The Digital India program is an initiative launched by the Indian government in 2015 to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. The program aims to increase transparency and accountability in government operations by making government services accessible and efficient through digital platforms. 3.       Citizen's Charter : The Citizen's Charter is a public commitment by government agencies to provide quality services to citizens. The Charter specifies the services that citizens are entitled to, the standards of service delivery, and the procedur...

  LAW IMPACTS ON ECONOMY 1.      PROTECTING CONSUMER AND INVESTORS: a.       Securities Act of 1933 in the United  States: This act was enacted in response to the stock market crash of 1929 and aimed to protect investors from fraudulent or misleading information in securities  offerings.  The act—also known as the "Truth in Securities" law, the 1933 Act, and the Federal Securities Act—requires that investors receive financial information from securities being offered for public sale. This means that prior to going public, companies have to submit information that is readily available to investors. b.       SECURITY EXCHANGE BOARD OF NEPAL (SEBON) : Securities Board of Nepal (SEBON) was established by the Government of Nepal on June 7, 1993, as an apex regulator of Securities Markets. It has been regulating the market under the Securities Act, 2006. As an apex regulator of securitie...

A welfare state is a state dedicated to providing basic economic security to its citizens by protecting them from market risks associated with old age, unemployment, accidents and illness. The term "welfare state" first appeared in Britain during World War II. Since then, it has become more widely used to describe the social welfare system that has evolved since the 19th century. Welfare state studies have sought to create typologies that classify countries based on the differences in the role that the state, the market, and the family play in ensuring well-being. A second study attempted to explain the evolution and change of the welfare state by examining economic, political, institutional, and ideological factors. These studies are mostly interdisciplinary. Contemporary research explores the reorganization of the welfare state as the globalization of the economy, and changing family and gender roles are putting new pressures on the welfare state.    Franklin D. Roosevelt ...

नेपालमा लघुवित्त परिचय  औपचारिक रूपमा नेपाल राष्ट्र बैंकबाट ‘घ’ वर्गको इजाजत पाएका कम्पनी लघुवित्त हुन् ।मर्जरपश्चात् हाल नेपालमा ६५ वटा लघुवित्त वित्तीय संस्थाले कारोबार गर्दै आएका छन् । देशका सबै जिल्लामा लघुवित्त वित्तीय संस्थाका शाखा कार्यालयहरू पुगेका छन् । देशभरमा सञ्चालनमा रहेका लघुवित्त कम्पनीमा ५८ लाख सदस्यहरू जोडिएका छन् । जसमध्ये ऋणी सदस्यको संख्या करिब ३५ लाख छ । नेपालमा विभिन्न मोडलमा लघुवित्त कार्यक्रमहरू लागू गरिएका छन् । बंगलादेशी प्राध्यापक मोहम्मद युनुसद्वारा प्रतिपादित ग्रामीण बैंकिङ मोडलमा आधारित लघुवित्त कार्यक्रम सन् १९९२ मा क्षेत्रीय स्तरबाट ग्रामीण विकास बैंकका रूपमा सुरु भएको थियो । ग्रामीण विकास बैंकहरूले महिलालाई प्राथमिकता दिएर ठूलो संख्यामा परिवारलाई लघु कर्जाका रूपमा सामूहिक जमानतमा आधारित अनिवार्य बचतसँग सम्बन्धित ग्यारेन्टीमा लघुवित्त सेवा दिएका थिए । सन् १९९२ देखि १९९७ सम्म पाँच वटा ग्रामीण विकास बैंक स्थापना भए । तर, सञ्चालन अक्षमताका कारण ती बैंकहरू ठूलो परिमाणमा निष्क्रिय कर्जा र घाटामा गए । नेपाल सरकारले सन् २०१४ मा तिनलाई मर्ज गर्‍यो । हाल एक म...